覆塑薄壁不銹鋼管
覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)知識擴展： 覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)冷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要求:由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)具(ju)有(you)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)拉強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，其抵抗(kang)(kang)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)筒體(ti)(ti)、封頭(tou)(tou)冷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需要的(de)(de)(de)彎曲(qu)(qu)作用(yong)力就(jiu)要大得(de)多；另外，冷塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)會(hui)惡化雙相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力腐蝕性(xing)能(neng)，因此建(jian)議(yi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)率(lv)超過１０％時，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后應(ying)(ying)(ying)對其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)溶處(chu)理(li)(li)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)率(lv)：ε＝１．５δ／２Ｒ（２）式中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) δ———鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板的(de)(de)(de)名義厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，ｍｍ； Ｒ———鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板彎曲(qu)(qu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)半(ban)徑，ｍｍ。固(gu)(gu)溶處(chu)理(li)(li)后再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)金相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)檢驗(yan)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)含量５０％～５５％為(wei)(wei)最佳。覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，表(biao)(biao)面應(ying)(ying)(ying)力大，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)作用(yong)力大，表(biao)(biao)面缺(que)陷容易誘發開裂(lie)；因此材料(liao)表(biao)(biao)面應(ying)(ying)(ying)做表(biao)(biao)面檢測，并消除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面缺(que)陷。鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)會(hui)使工件(jian)(jian)冷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)仍具(ju)有(you)方向性(xing)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后直邊余量不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等，建(jian)議(yi)下料(liao)尺寸應(ying)(ying)(ying)比不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)略(lve)大。 熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要求 覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要控(kong)制(zhi)好(hao)始壓溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和終壓溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，為(wei)(wei)了避免產(chan)生脆化現象，如覆(fu)塑(su)(su)(su)薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)１２３０～１０２５℃范(fan)(fan)圍內進(jin)行(xing)(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操作，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后立(li)即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)溶處(chu)理(li)(li)。如果(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)太(tai)低，變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)就(jiu)會(hui)聚集(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)較弱而且(qie)塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)較差的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)，結果(guo)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)嚴重開裂(lie)。如果(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)太(tai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，則(ze)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)變(bian)得(de)非常軟(ruan)且(qie)可(ke)能(neng)發生熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)撕裂(lie)。實際的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)給定的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)(fan)圍進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，因為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)和奧氏體(ti)(ti)都有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)；因此熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)(fan)圍及(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)均勻是一(yi)個難點(dian)。 ２５０７不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意以下幾點(dian)： （１）由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，扭曲(qu)(qu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)再(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或矯直比奧氏體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)困難，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)固(gu)(gu)溶溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下，對薄(bo)(bo)壁(bi)(bi)、大口(kou)徑工件(jian)(jian)設置足夠的(de)(de)(de)支撐十(shi)分必(bi)要。 （２）４７５℃脆化區(qu)(qu)一(yi)般會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)３５０～５２５℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)(fan)圍內出(chu)現，因此熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)嚴格(ge)禁止在(zai)(zai)(zai)此溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)(fan)圍內作業。 （３）坯料(liao)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)出(chu)爐(lu)后溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下降迅速(su)，散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)快，很(hen)(hen)快可(ke)達脆化區(qu)(qu)；因此出(chu)爐(lu)至成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時間應(ying)(ying)(ying)盡量縮短，封頭(tou)(tou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后脫模溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)９５０℃。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)議(yi)對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴格(ge)監控(kong)。 （４）坯料(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)６００℃時可(ke)以適當減小加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)速(su)率(lv)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)升至８００℃左右(you)時加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)速(su)率(lv)可(ke)以適當提高(gao)(gao)(gao)。 （５）由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)使材料(liao)金相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)失(shi)去(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平衡，進(jin)而影響材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)能(neng)和耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)能(neng)。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后應(ying)(ying)(ying)立(li)即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)溶熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)。
固然周三發布(bu)的貿易(yi)(yi)數據(ju)令人絕望，察看家(jia)從中尋求中國(guo)最近(jin)經濟放緩場(chang)面可(ke)能會(hui)改變(bian)的線索。而數據(ju)顯現(xian)，中國(guo)貿易(yi)(yi)覆塑薄(bo)壁不銹鋼管整體出口降(jiang)落3.1%，進口降(jiang)落了(le)0.7%，經濟學家(jia)此前預(yu)測(ce)分別(bie)會(hui)上升(sheng)3%和5.5%。買(mai)賣(mai)商表示，在上海(hai)覆塑薄(bo)壁不銹鋼管期貨買(mai)賣(mai)所的銅(tong)買(mai)賣(mai)價錢為30美(mei)圓-50美(mei)圓的均勻溢價，比照(zhao)倫敦金屬買(mai)賣(mai)所的現(xian)金銅(tong)，使銅(tong)進口有了(le)比國(guo)內市場(chang)更(geng)好的選(xuan)擇(ze)。
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覆塑薄壁不銹鋼管現貨成交乏力報價繼續走低