合金不銹鋼管
合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管知識擴(kuo)展： 合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管冷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:由于(yu)合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管具(ju)有(you)很高(gao)(gao)的抗拉強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)，其(qi)抵抗變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的能力(li)(li)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，在(zai)(zai)筒體(ti)(ti)、封頭(tou)冷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)的彎(wan)曲作(zuo)(zuo)用力(li)(li)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)大得多(duo)；另外，冷塑性(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變會(hui)(hui)惡化(hua)雙(shuang)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的耐(nai)應(ying)力(li)(li)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)能，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)建(jian)議鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)的變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)率(lv)超過１０％時，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)率(lv)：ε＝１．５δ／２Ｒ（２）式中(zhong)(zhong) δ———鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)的名(ming)義厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)，ｍｍ； Ｒ———鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)彎(wan)曲變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)的中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)半徑，ｍｍ。固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)再進(jin)行(xing)(xing)金(jin)相檢驗，對(dui)于(yu)合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管鐵素(su)體(ti)(ti)含(han)量(liang)５０％～５５％為最佳。合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)力(li)(li)大，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)用力(li)(li)大，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)缺(que)陷(xian)容易誘發開裂(lie)；因(yin)此(ci)(ci)材料(liao)(liao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)做表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)檢測(ce)，并消除表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)缺(que)陷(xian)。鐵素(su)體(ti)(ti)相會(hui)(hui)使工件(jian)冷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)仍(reng)具(ju)有(you)方(fang)向性(xing)(xing)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)邊余量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等，建(jian)議下(xia)料(liao)(liao)尺寸應(ying)比(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)略大。 熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求 合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)好始壓(ya)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)終壓(ya)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，為了(le)避免產生(sheng)脆(cui)化(hua)現(xian)(xian)象，如合(he)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管應(ying)在(zai)(zai)１２３０～１０２５℃范(fan)圍內進(jin)行(xing)(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操作(zuo)(zuo)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)立(li)即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)。如果熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)太低(di)，變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)聚集在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)弱而且塑性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差的鐵素(su)體(ti)(ti)，結果造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐵素(su)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)區(qu)的嚴(yan)重開裂(lie)。如果熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)太高(gao)(gao)，則鐵素(su)體(ti)(ti)變得非常(chang)軟且可能發生(sheng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)撕裂(lie)。實(shi)際(ji)的熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)給定的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，因(yin)為鐵素(su)體(ti)(ti)和(he)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)都有(you)良好的熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)塑性(xing)(xing)；因(yin)此(ci)(ci)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍及溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)均勻是一(yi)個難點。 ２５０７不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)注意(yi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾點： （１）由于(yu)雙(shuang)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)室溫(wen)(wen)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)，扭曲變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的產品(pin)再成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或矯直(zhi)比(bi)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)困難，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)，對(dui)薄壁、大口徑工件(jian)設置足(zu)夠(gou)的支撐(cheng)十分必要(yao)(yao)(yao)。 （２）４７５℃脆(cui)化(hua)區(qu)一(yi)般會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)３５０～５２５℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍內出(chu)現(xian)(xian)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)嚴(yan)格禁止(zhi)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍內作(zuo)(zuo)業。 （３）坯料(liao)(liao)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)出(chu)爐后(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)降(jiang)迅速(su)，散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)快，很快可達(da)脆(cui)化(hua)區(qu)；因(yin)此(ci)(ci)出(chu)爐至成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時間應(ying)盡量(liang)縮(suo)短，封頭(tou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)脫模溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)低(di)于(yu)９５０℃。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)議對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格監控(kong)。 （４）坯料(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)于(yu)６００℃時可以(yi)(yi)適(shi)當(dang)減小(xiao)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)速(su)率(lv)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)升至８００℃左右(you)時加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)速(su)率(lv)可以(yi)(yi)適(shi)當(dang)提高(gao)(gao)。 （５）由于(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)(hui)使材料(liao)(liao)金(jin)相失去相平衡，進(jin)而影(ying)響材料(liao)(liao)的力(li)(li)學性(xing)(xing)能和(he)耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)能。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)立(li)即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)。
一方面(mian)是由于元旦期間下(xia)游市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)補貨行情，要(yao)提前備貨；另一方面(mian)就(jiu)是元旦節(jie)前3個(ge)交易日內(nei)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)價在螺紋鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)期貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和原料市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)走勢(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)帶動(dong)下(xia)，出(chu)現(xian)了(le)穩中上漲的(de)(de)行情，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)于節(jie)后有(you)(you)(you)繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)(xu)上漲的(de)(de)預(yu)期，由此全(quan)國社會庫存出(chu)現(xian)了(le)一個(ge)比較大(da)的(de)(de)增(zeng)幅。部分小鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)廠因市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)上貨少(shao)，庫存逐(zhu)漸下(xia)降(jiang)到警戒(jie)位，所以抬高廢鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)采(cai)購(gou)價補充(chong)庫存，但(dan)成(cheng)品鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材需求(qiu)疲軟(ruan)，合金不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)價繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)(xu)下(xia)探，讓(rang)這些廠家(jia)左(zuo)右(you)為(wei)難(nan)；大(da)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)廠則繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)(xu)觀望，廢鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)用量不(bu)大(da)，采(cai)購(gou)積極性也不(bu)高，弱勢(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)改。下(xia)周鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材的(de)(de)需求(qiu)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)改善的(de)(de)跡象，合金不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)回升(sheng)的(de)(de)動(dong)力，料廢鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)維持弱勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。 本周焦(jiao)炭(tan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)弱勢(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)行，受價格(ge)下(xia)跌影(ying)響，合金不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)廠對(dui)焦(jiao)炭(tan)價格(ge)打壓力度不(bu)斷增(zeng)加，唐山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)率先做出(chu)降(jiang)價舉措，隨后周邊地(di)區(qu)(qu)也表現(xian)出(chu)下(xia)跌趨勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。而從內(nei)蒙(meng)、山(shan)(shan)西銷往唐山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)廠的(de)(de)焦(jiao)炭(tan)資(zi)源也陸續(xu)(xu)(xu)執行20元/噸的(de)(de)降(jiang)幅。盡管(guan)目前市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)出(chu)現(xian)大(da)范圍的(de)(de)跟跌現(xian)象，但(dan)焦(jiao)炭(tan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)價格(ge)支撐力度逐(zhu)漸削弱，很可(ke)能引發連鎖反應，導(dao)致焦(jiao)炭(tan)價格(ge)的(de)(de)進一步(bu)下(xia)跌。
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